Carbon dot nanomaterials (CDNs) have emerged as a significant class of nanomaterials with a broad spectrum of applications in various fields. These remarkably fluorescent nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, electronic, and catalytic properties that originate from their fundamental structure and surface chemistry. The tunable size, shape, and

Lead sulfide semiconductor dots (QDs) represent a fascinating class of materials with exceptional optoelectronic properties due to their unique size-dependent band gap. These QDs exhibit tunable absorption and emission spectra in the visible region, making them highly desirable for a wide range of applications. Recent review delves into the divers

Nanoparticles have emerged as versatile materials in various fields, including biomedical applications. Conversely, the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles remains a crucial concern. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a particular type of nanoparticle capable of converting near-infrared light to visible light, have attracted considerable att